English rugby has been through a tortuous few months after the administrations and suspensions of the Worcester Warriors and Wasps Rugby. 

However last Friday evening, eyebrows were raised again, with the statement published by Exeter Chiefs, stating that they will sell a ‘non-rugby asset’ primarily due to struggles in generating the income to repay COVID-19 government loans.

Given that the Chiefs were the only club to post a profit prior to the pandemic, what has happened, and what does that statement mean for the beleaguered Premiership?

The Exeter Financials – What Does It Show?

Well firstly, it is important to look specifically at Exeter Chiefs and peruse their last accounts posted on Companies House. These were posted in December 2021, covering the 12-month period up to June 30, 2021 and relate to Exeter Group PLC, which covers both the playing side of the rugby club, as well as off-field affairs, including the hotel site.

Turnover in that period was pandemic-affected and stood at £9.6m. To get a real feel for what their actual revenue stream should be, a peek at their accounts in 2019 is required and reveal a robust £21m in the coffers. That 2021 turnover was combined with a loss for the group of just under £4m.

The balance sheet for the group, at first glance looks healthy. 

The Group PLC have a positive Total Net Assets figure of £25m, very strong levels of cash at bank with £7m, with high levels of fixed assets to their name, totaling £62m. 

As a result, the accounts were signed off by the auditors on a going concern basis. Therefore, in theory, there should be no concerns over the club.

Borrowings

However further inspection in the accounts starts revealing what could be the cause of furrowed brows at the South-Devon club. The PLC has accumulated a total of £28m in long-term borrowings, both bank-led and otherwise. It is here that the challenges start to reveal themselves.

For a business that has turned over a figure of £9m, having long-term borrowings of that size can be dangerous and leave them exposed. 

Now in mitigation, the revenue for the latest year-end, up to June 2022, will be much higher, given that crowds were allowed back into fixtures. 

A figure of closer to 2019’s £21m is more likely to be posted. However, even with this in mind, carrying that level of long-term debt is a risky strategy to have for a club, and more importantly business, like the Chiefs. This has been reinforced by recent events.

What Are The Loans?

Of that £28m, the largest due is £10.4m relating to a bond, raised by the company, and paid into by investors, including Chairman Tony Rowe. This is secured with an ‘unsecured debenture.’ This is rare. 

Most funding facilities are secured against specified assets of the business, providing security to the lender in case of business failure or defaulting of the repayments. Such unsecured lending is usually for a business that has a very strong credit rating and history, reflecting the previous strength of the Exeter business. 

However, such lending comes at a higher risk, and that is reflected in the cost of borrowing, which is notified at a fixed 5.5% in the accounts. This would have been considered an expensive form of lending when this was first taken out. However, in the current climate, it now looks reasonable.

The next largest borrowing relates to the £6.81m loan provided by Sport England, secured by a fixed and floating charge against all properties and undertakings of the company. This sounds intrusive, but in reality, the government is unlikely to pursue it. 

It also comes with fixed interest rate of 2%, which would have been seen as good value in 2020. 

In the current climate it is by far the cheapest form of borrowing the club has. Neither the bond, nor the Sport England loan, will be causing the club too much of a headache.

What will concern Exeter the most are the bank borrowings. 

The PLC has a Government CBILS loan from Barclays Bank for £5m that is due by 2030. This was taken out with an interest rate of 2.3% above LIBOR and is secured against the receivables of the business – what is owed to Chiefs. 

Secondly, they have a term loan from NatWest for £6.6m. This is secured against the assets of Sandy Park Hotel Ltd – a subsidiary business of the PLC – as well as by a Personal Guarantee of £750k from Tony Rowe. This has an interest rate of 3.5% over LIBOR.

These two loans are the issue for Exeter because of that cost of borrowing. 

In 2020, LIBOR was under 1% throughout the year, getting lower as the year went on, with three-month LIBOR being below 0.1% by the close of 2020. 

As a result, Exeter’s borrowing decisions at the time of taking them out looked smart and a good decision to make. However, interest rates have now spiraled in the last two years, and three-month LIBOR is 4.46%, taking Exeter’s CBILS and Term Loan to 6.76% and 7.96%, respectively. That now must be having an impact on business performance.

What Are The Implications?

The issue mainly appears to be around cash flow. 

With the vast increases in borrowing costs, Exeter suddenly is more exposed due to how much borrowing they hold. Add in those HMRC obligations – previous and current, an increase in trade creditors as well as a monthly wage bill of circa £1m, and you can see where the coffers are being stretched. 

Judging by their statement last week, they are clearly not generating the income required to generate the liquid cash needed to repay everyone. Attendances also are down compared to last season, plus home fixtures canceled due to the Wasps and Worcester’s well-documented issues, which will be potentially causing challenges to the business.

So, last Friday’s announcement means the club is either selling an asset to be proactive to try and get ahead of the issue, or it is more serious, and they are being reactive because the problem is becoming too large to handle. 

For now, the club remains tight-lipped. 

Either way, it appears that cash flow is a headache, caused by a large amount of long-term borrowing that’s become more expensive with the recent interest rates rise. 

The good news for Chiefs is that they can tackle the issue and have an option to find a way out, whereas many other businesses or clubs do not have such luxury.

The Challenges Facing English Rugby

When you think of sports clubs, you think of massive institutions like in Premier League football, which is a billion-dollar industry. Rugby, specifically English rugby, is very much the opposite. 

Clubs like Exeter, are the very definition of UK SME’s (small and medium-sized enterprises), meaning they face the same challenges as local family-owned businesses in the area. The cost of borrowing increases affects everyone. The difference is that Chiefs are in the public eye and will come under more scrutiny as a result.

The challenges facing Exeter are typical of those facing Premiership clubs in general. Going into debt is not a bad thing for a business, depending on what type of debt it is. There is bad debt – such as HMRC arrears, or there is good debt, where you borrow to invest or grow your business.

Ever since the sad demise of Worcester and the Wasps, there has been a lot of calls for rugby clubs to grow their revenue streams to prevent further administrations. However, as Exeter’s challenges show, this is easier said than done. 

Exeter took on debt to invest in the business, as well as grow and diversify their income stream. Yet almost straight away, they are having to contemplate sidelining this project, given the costs involved. There is no point in increasing your revenue, if it is all being spent on increased borrowing costs.

It therefore poses a conundrum to clubs. 

Borrowing to invest is tricky, as shown at Exeter. Lifting ticket prices alienates your fanbase. Sponsors are increasingly hard to find. Hospitality income is struggling to recover post-COVID. Where does this new income come from? That’s what club CEOs are racking their brains about.

📢- 𝗥𝗘𝗩𝗜𝗦𝗘𝗗 𝗙𝗜𝗫𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗧@premrugby announce revised fixture list for all clubs following withdrawal from the league of both Wasps and Worcester Warriors

Click below ⬇️ to find out new dates and kick-off times for the @ExeterChiefs https://t.co/u3HkKRsZxf pic.twitter.com/oRUTqyPNVG

— Exeter Chiefs (@ExeterChiefs) November 11, 2022

What Does That Mean For The Rest Of The Premiership?

The crisis in English rugby is not unique to those clubs already gone – as the issues at Exeter attests. English rugby also is not alone in facing challenges. 

The UK economy is dealing with rampant inflation, spiraling interest rates with insolvencies beginning to tick up. Forecasts indicate that the UK economy is set for a longer-lasting recession than any since World War II. As a result, the headwinds are heading only one way only.

The worry for English rugby is that the country is about to head into a recession, yet the sport is there already. Two clubs have gone from the top-flight, with more rumored to be on the breadline, yet the economy is far from reaching its nadir. 

It is like knowing there is a hurricane coming imminently, yet your house has caved in at the first light rain shower. Put simply, your chances of survival are not good. 

The added danger is that of contagion. If more domino blocks fall, even your strongest businesses get dragged into a mess. Having a good business model to recover is of no use if you have no opponents to play against.

Last week’s news out of Exeter should concern every English rugby fan – if they, as a well-run business, are beginning to creak, no one is safe. English rugby is set for an uncertain future and the problems are not going away any time soon.

Exeter statement on asset sale: “As a result of the Rugby Football Union and Premiership Rugby Limited’s decision to continue playing behind closed doors during the COVID-19 pandemic, Exeter Rugby Club was forced to borrow substantial government-backed loans to pay our players and staff.

“The funding from the government was not in the form of grants, but loans which carry interest. These are due to be repaid and the income from our normal trading is not sufficient to pay them and all other expenses.

“Accordingly, the rugby club board decided to sell one of our non-rugby assets for which members’ approval is needed and which is being sought at an extraordinary general meeting at Sandy Park on Wednesday, Nov. 30.

“This should be more than sufficient to see the club pay the loans and be financially secure for the future. No further comment will be made by the rugby club.”